2020年10月4日 星期日

A Cataclysm of Hunger, Disease and Illiteracy 新冠肺炎疫情後 飢餓疾病與失學的大難


【大家健康悅讀電子報】提供健康資訊、親子教育及有趣的兩性話題,讓你幸福養生,健康、樂活每一天! 【橘世代電子報】為讀者提供面對人生下半場所需七個面向的資訊,為第二人生做足功課,活出精彩亮麗!
★ 無法正常瀏覽內容,請按這裡線上閱讀
新聞  健康  u值媒  udn部落格  
讀紐時學英文
2020/10/09 第316期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 A Cataclysm of Hunger, Disease and Illiteracy 新冠肺炎疫情後 飢餓疾病與失學的大難
T.S. Eliot's Estate Donates 'Cats' Royalties to Brontë Museum 貓劇版稅 默默資助陷入困境的勃朗特博物館
紐時周報精選
 
A Cataclysm of Hunger, Disease and Illiteracy 新冠肺炎疫情後 飢餓疾病與失學的大難
文/Nicholas Kristof
譯/莊蕙嘉 核稿/樂慧生

疫情後 飢餓疾病與失學的大難

A Cataclysm of Hunger, Disease and Illiteracy

We think of COVID-19 as killing primarily the elderly around the world, but in poor countries it is more cataclysmic than that.

我們認為新冠肺炎在世界各地主要是奪走年長者的性命,然而在貧窮國家,災情不止於此。

It is killing children through malnutrition. It is leading more people to die from tuberculosis, malaria and AIDS. It is forcing girls out of school and into child marriages. It is causing women to die in childbirth. It is setting back efforts to eradicate polio, fight malaria and reduce female genital mutilation. It is leading to lapses in vitamin A distribution that will cause more children to suffer blindness and die.

它透過營養不良殺害兒童,讓更多人死於肺結核、瘧疾和愛滋病。它迫使女孩輟學進入童婚,導致婦女在分娩時死亡。它阻滯根絕小兒麻痺、對抗瘧疾和減少女性割陰的努力。它妨礙維他命A的發放,讓更多兒童因此失明及死亡。

The U.N. Population Fund warns that COVID-19 may lead to an additional 13 million child marriages around the world and to some 47 million women being unable to get access to modern contraception.

聯合國人口基金警告,新冠肺炎可能使全球增加1300萬件童婚,約4700萬名女性無法獲得現代化避孕方法。

In short, a pandemic of disease, illiteracy and extreme poverty is following on the heels of this coronavirus pandemic — and it is hitting children hardest.

簡言之,一場疾病、未受教育和赤貧的大流行「疫情」,將緊隨這場疫情而來,又以兒童所受打擊最大。

The greatest impact of COVID-19 may be not on those whom the virus directly infects, but on those shattered by the collapse of economies and health and education systems in developing countries.

新冠肺炎所產生的最大衝擊,可能並不顯現在受病毒直接感染者身上,而是見諸開發中國家因經濟、醫療和教育系統崩潰而深受其害者的身上。

"The indirect impact of COVID-19 in the Global South will be even greater than the direct impact," Dr. Muhammad Musa, executive director of BRAC International, an outstanding Bangladesh-based nonprofit, told me. "The direct impact, as tragic as it is, affects those infected and their families. The indirect impact has economic and social consequences for vastly more people — with jobs lost, families hungry, domestic violence up, more children leaving school, and costs over generations."

「新冠肺炎在全球南方的非直接衝擊將比直接衝擊更大。」以孟加拉為據點的傑出非營利組織BRAC International執行長穆哈邁德.穆薩博士說。

「直接衝擊儘管令人悲痛,影響的是感染者和他們的家庭。非直接衝擊卻讓遠多於此數的民眾承受經濟和社會後果,失去工作,家人挨餓,家暴增加,更多兒童輟學,以及跨世代的成本。」

In this sense, many of those whom COVID-19 kills never actually get the disease. Instead, they are children who die of measles because they couldn't get vaccinated in a time of plague — up to 80 million children may miss vaccinations. Or they die of malnutrition because their fathers lost jobs as rickshaw drivers or their mothers couldn't sell vegetables in the market.

如此看來,新冠病毒害死的人有許多並未真的罹疫,而是疫情期間因未能接種疫苗而死於麻疹的兒童,多達8000萬名兒童可能錯失疫苗接種。抑或是他們死於營養不良,因為他們的父親失去三輪車夫的工作,或是母親無法在市場賣菜。

As is often the case in economic crises, the burden falls particularly on girls.More are being married off as children so that the new husband's family will feed them, or they are sent off to the city to work as maids in exchange for food and negligible incomes — while facing an end to education and significant risk of abuse.

一如在經濟危機中常見的,重擔特別落在女孩身上。更多人在兒童時就被嫁出去,好讓新婚丈夫家庭養活,或是她們被送到城市中當女傭,換取食物和微不足道的收入,同時面臨教育的結束和很大的受虐風險。

說文解字看新聞【莊蕙嘉】

新冠肺炎造成的經濟衰退和社會效應不可小覷,貧窮人口和開發中國家所受影響尤烈。

文章用cataclysm形容疫情災難,字首cata源於希臘語,「往下」之意,clysm是「大水沖過」,合起來指突然發生的大災難。另一個同義字是catastrophe,字首同樣是cata,strophe意為「翻轉」,合起來有翻天覆地的災難之意。disaster也指「災難」,但規模和強度較小,較適用於短時間或區域性事件。

病原體能輕易人際傳播,且在全球廣泛爆發,即構成pandemic(大流行)要件。epidemic是「流行病」,指某種疾病在某段時間於某一地區感染眾多人口,感染達一定規模就是pandemic,但流行病不一定是傳染病。endemic指在地區流行的「風土病」,例如東南亞的登革熱。以規模和嚴重性由小至大來看,就是endemic、epidemic到pandemic。

 
T.S. Eliot's Estate Donates 'Cats' Royalties to Brontë Museum 貓劇版稅 默默資助陷入困境的勃朗特博物館
文/Sarah Bahr
譯/陳韋廷、核稿/樂慧生

貓劇版稅 默默資助勃朗特博物館

Thanks in part to a donation from the estate of one of England's most esteemed poets — and some dancing cats — the Brontë Parsonage Museum's doors will remain open, for now.

勃朗特牧師博物館暫時可以繼續開放,這部分得益於英國一位備受尊敬詩人遺產管理會的捐贈,以及一些跳舞的貓。

The estate of T.S. Eliot has gifted the struggling museum, which reopened in late August after being closed since March, 20,000 pounds (or approximately $26,000) this month. The donation was first reported by the BBC.

這家陷入困境的博物館於今年3月關閉,直至8月底才重新開放。艾略特的遺產管理會本月向該館捐贈了2萬英鎊(約2.6萬美元),英國廣播公司最先報導了這項捐贈消息。

The parsonage, located in Haworth, said it was facing a loss of expected income of more than 500,000 pounds because of the coronavirus pandemic.

這座位於哈沃斯的博物館表示,由于新冠病毒大流行,預計收入將減少50多萬英鎊。

There is a connection between Eliot and the Brontës: The "Bradford millionaire" who appears in the Eliot poem "The Waste Land" is thought to be Sir James Roberts, a Yorkshire philanthropist who was also a customer at the bank where Eliot worked. Roberts donated Haworth Parsonage — once the home of the Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne — to the Brontë Society, which operates the museum, in 1928. Roberts knew the family as a child.

艾略特與勃朗特家族有些關連:艾略特詩歌《荒原》中出現的人物「布拉德福百萬富翁」,被認為是約克郡慈善家詹姆士.羅伯茲爵士,他同時也是艾略特任職銀行的客戶。1928年,羅伯茲將曾是勃朗特三姐妹夏綠蒂、艾蜜莉與安妮故居的哈沃斯牧師寓所,捐給經營著這座博物館的勃朗特協會。羅伯茲從小就認識這一家人。

But the Eliot estate's gift didn't come with any fanfare: Rebecca Yorke, the head of communications and marketing at the Brontë Society, said she discovered the donation when it showed up on the museum's crowdfunding campaign page with a message of support. "Realizing that it was from the T.S. Eliot estate was a very special moment," she said.

艾略特遺產會做此捐贈毫未聲張:勃朗特協會公關行銷主管芮貝卡.約克說,她是在博物館的群眾集資活動頁面發現了這筆捐贈,還附有打氣的話語。 她說:「知道它來自艾略特的遺產管理會,那一刻非比尋常。」

Yorke said the Eliot estate told the organization that the donation was possible thanks to the success of the Tony-winning Andrew Lloyd Webber musical "Cats," which is based on Eliot's playful 1939 poetry collection "Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats."

約克表示,艾略特遺產會告訴該協會,有能力提供這筆捐款,還多虧曾獲東尼獎的安德魯.洛伊.韋伯音樂劇《貓》大獲成功。這部音樂劇改編自艾略特1939年幽默詩集《老負鼠的貓經》。

The parsonage houses the largest collection of Brontë manuscripts and personal possessions in the world and attracts more than 70,000 visitors each year. "Jane Eyre," by Charlotte Brontë, and "Wuthering Heights," by Emily Brontë, were both written there.

這座博物館收藏世上最多勃朗特手稿跟私人物品,每年吸引逾7萬訪客。夏綠蒂的《簡愛》與艾蜜莉的《咆嘯山莊》都是在這兒寫的。

The museum has been hard hit by the pandemic because more than 70% of the Brontë Society's income comes from admissions, events and retail, according to its website. The typically busy spring and summer months normally sustain it through the slower winter season.

博物館的網站上說,博物館受疫情重創,因為勃朗特協會7成以上收入來自門票、活動與紀念品零售。一般情況下,人氣較旺的春季和夏季通常能幫它撐過較淡的冬季。

The museum has furloughed a majority of its staff and applied for grants and emergency funds, but it still faces an end-of-year deficit of 100,000 pounds.

博物館已讓大部分員工休無薪假,並申請補助款與應急金,但仍面臨年底將出現的10萬英鎊赤字。

 
訊息公告
 
攝取較大量的蛋白質 有助於減重
蛋白質的作用,在肥胖的研究中一直是相對被忽略的領域,因為蛋白質在一般飲食中約只占食物總能量的15%。然而,攝取較大量的蛋白質,對於減重是有幫助的,因為會增加飽足感。

有沒有腦中風?戴上Neurospeed讓「眼睛」告訴你
神經元科技致力於腦中風預防課題,研究並開發出頭部的穿戴式智慧裝置Neurospeed用以檢測眼球震顫,能進行一系列包含水平追視、垂直追視、凝視、跳視等多項檢查,並能透過AI分析提供報告讓醫師快速進行診斷。
 
本電子報著作權均屬「聯合線上公司」或授權「聯合線上公司」使用之合法權利人所有,
禁止未經授權轉載或節錄。若對電子報內容有任何疑問或要求轉載授權,請【
聯絡我們】。
  免費電子報 | 著作權聲明 | 隱私權聲明 | 聯絡我們

沒有留言:

張貼留言